ISSN(Print) 2076-2860 ISSN(Online) 2958-5945 Email: Editorial@jaimc.org Phone: +924299231453 PMDC & UHS (IP-0043)
Opportunity for Distinguished National and International Medical Professionals
We like to share the opportunity for Distinguished National and International Medical professionals to join our journal as Reviewers. Interested candidates Email their Curriculum Vitae to Editorial@jaimc.org
Submission Open for Upcoming Vol. 24, Issue 1 ( January 2026- march 2026)
National and International Authors are invited to submit their research articles, case studies and review papers for the possible publication in VOL.24, Issue No.1, January 2026- March 2026, Journal of JAIMC.
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Journal Metrics
Initial Processing: 28 Days
Peer Review: 28 Days
Article Publication Time: 2 - 3 Months
Acceptance Rate: 80%
Distinguished Reviewer
For Vol 23 Issue 3,
Dr Fatima Saeed,
Assistant Professor, Pathology, AIMC
OJS Guide Manuscript Submission
CURRENT ISSUE
October 2025 – December 2025
VOL. 23, ISSUE NO. 4
EDITORIAL
ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN IMPROVING DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF HISTOPATHOLOGY
Sadia Anwar
https://doi.org/10.59058/8b9h1009
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Association of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) Over
Expression with Subtype and Grade of Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Beenish Fatima, Sameen Afzal, Fatima Manzoor, Mohammad Faisal, Sara Sadiq,
Anila Chughtai
https://doi.org/10.59058/k3gdhs22
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Gastric cancer is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. With increasing understanding of the molecular biology of HER2, and the availability of genomics and proteomics analysis, it has now been recognized that HER2 is implicated in other severe forms of cancers, notably gastric cancers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of over-expression of HER2 in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the Head Office Chughtai Lab, Lahore, from 1st July 2024 to 31st December 2024. A total of 65 diagnosed cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of both genders were included in the study. All autolyzed or poorly fixed specimens and metastatic gastric adenocarcinomas were excluded. Histological preparation was performed by the classical method for paraffin embedding followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on serial sections using the immune-enzymatic soluble complex method. The antibody used was HER2 polyclonal antibody from DAKO. HER2 scoring was conducted as 0, +1, +2, and +3.
Results: The age range of patients was 30–70 years, with a mean age of 56.492 ± 11.91 years. Male gender was predominant (61.5%) compared to females (38.5%). Over-expression of HER2 was observed in 24.6% of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Moreover, HER2 over-expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor in well- to moderately-differentiated adenocarcinomas with intestinal subtype.
Conclusion: HER2 over-expression is a poor prognostic indicator in well- to moderately-differentiated, intestinal-subtype, early-stage gastric adenocarcinomas. Therefore, IHC 3+ and 2+ cases should be further analyzed by FISH to assess HER2/neu gene status.
Key Words: HER2, Adenocarcinoma, Gastric carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry
Pre and Post Mentoring Comparative Analysis of Academic Performance
of MBBS Students in the Subject of Biochemistry
Sadia Qureshi, Shama Akram, Sumera Saghir, Fahimul Haq, Adnan Sadiq
https://doi.org/10.59058/wc0cmc30
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: Mentorship plays a significant role for successful academic development and work fulfillment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of one-on-one mentoring sessions in biochemistry exam performance compared to initial term results.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, after approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), to assess the impact of mentoring sessions on students’ academic performance. Students from 1st year and 2nd year MBBS participated after providing informed consent. Eleven trained faculty members from the biochemistry department, who were informed about the regulations and protocols of the mentorship program prior to its initiation, were involved. An equal number of students were assigned to each mentor. Additionally, students received training regarding their role as mentees before the study commenced.
Results: Comparison of pre- and post-mentoring academic performance revealed a significant improvement among both below-average and above-average students (p<0.001). The effect of mentoring was also evaluated class-wise. Mean results of both classes were calculated before and after mentoring, and comparison of means using t-test showed a significant rise in students’ scores following mentoring sessions. A significant association was found between mentoring and student performance (p<0.001, χ²=64.490).
Conclusion: Mentoring significantly improves students’ academic performance.
Key Words: Biochemistry, Mentoring, Academic Performance, Medical Students.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
in Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors
Keeping Histopathology as Gold Standard
Zoha Arif Saeed, Laiba Khalid, Seerat Iqbal, Zobia Shahid, Maryam Afzal
https://doi.org/10.59058/argym503
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: To determine diagnostic accuracy of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in differentiation between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors keeping histopathology as gold standard.
Methods: A total of 176 patients meeting inclusion criteria underwent MRI, including DWI sequences at b values of 0, 50, and 1000 s/mm², and ADC values were calculated from corresponding maps. ROI was placed on the solid tumor component of mass. Post-contrast imaging was also performed. All MRIs were interpreted by blinded, qualified radiologists to ensure unbiased results. Definitive diagnoses were confirmed through histopathological analysis by certified pathologists.
Results: 98 (55.69%) patients were aged 13–40 years and 78 (44.1%) were 41–75 years, with a mean age of 40.62 ± 10.13 years. There were 94 males (53.5%) and 82 females (46.5%). Tumor sizes ranged from 3.1 cm to 11.5 cm, with a mean size of 6.3 cm. The average ADC value of benign masses (1.50 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) was higher than that of malignant masses (0.83 × 10⁻³ mm²/s). A cutoff ADC value of 1.1 × 10⁻³ mm²/s provided sensitivity of 85.51%, specificity of 86.84%, PPV of 88.89%, NPV of 82.50%, and diagnostic accuracy of 85.88%. Histopathology showed 97 masses (55.3%) were malignant and 79 (44.7%) were benign.
Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is a non-invasive, cost-effective imaging tool with 85.5% sensitivity and 86.8% specificity for evaluating soft tissue masses. It can aid early detection of malignant tumors, improving patient outcomes through timely diagnosis.
Key words: Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), soft tissue tumor, Restricted Diffusion.
Treatment Outcomes of Adolescent Ao 22A Diaphyseal Radius and Ulna
Fractures Treated with Dynamic Compression Plate and Intramedullary
Elastic Nail
Ahmad Humayun Sarfraz, Bilal Mukhtar, Asma Akram, Asad Ali, Asif Hanif,
Faisal Masood
https://doi.org/10.59058/s3qmq062
ABSTRACT
Background & Objectives: Diaphyseal fractures of the forearm are a prevalent orthopedic injury that necessitate surgical intervention to reestablish functional range of motion, alignment, and stability. Complications, including malunion, nonunion, and long-term functional impairment, may result from these fractures if not properly managed. Main Objective was to compare treatment outcome of Adolescent AO 22A Diaphyseal Radius and Ulna Fractures Treated with Dynamic Compression Plate and Intramedullary Elastic Nail.
Methods: It was a prospective comparative study that included 70 patients, all of whom had diaphyseal fractures of the radius and/or ulna that necessitated surgical treatment. The patients were aged between 12 and 18 years. Group A consisted of 35 patients who were treated with DCP fixation, while Group B consisted of 35 patients who were treated with IMEN fixation. The patients were randomly assigned to these two categories. Clinical evaluations were conducted at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 to 16 weeks following surgery to evaluate pain levels, functional improvement, range of motion, and any complications.
Results:At 6 weeks, Group B (IMEN) showed better outcomes with lower Quick DASH (15.49 ± 2.94 vs. 20.45 ± 2.99) and higher MEPS (81.6 ± 4.8 vs. 75.3 ± 5.2), with faster union (10.8 ± 1.9 vs. 12.5 ± 2.3 weeks, p<0.05). By 12–16 weeks, functional recovery remained superior (MEPS 91.2 ± 3.9 vs. 85.7 ± 4.3; Quick DASH 8.5 ± 1.4 vs. 12.6 ± 1.9, p<0.05). Complications were fewer in Group B (infection 2.9% vs. 8.6%, malunion 0% vs. 5.7%).
Conclusion: This study shows that Intramedullary Elastic Nailing (IMEN) provides superior outcomes over Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) fixation in diaphyseal forearm fractures, with faster healing, improved function, less pain, and fewer complications. Both methods remain effective, but IMEN may be preferred in adolescents, while larger studies with longer follow-up are needed for confirmation.
Keywords: Intramedullary Elastic Nailing, Dynamic Compression Plate, forearm fractures, functional outcomes, bone healing, complications
Relationship Between Mothers’ Education Level and Age-Appropriate
EPI Vaccination of Children Attending Pediatric OPD at Lahore General
Hospital
Asma Ali, Rozina Shahadat Khan, Amna Anwar, Anood Anwar, Fatima Fareed
https://doi.org/10.59058/9ncd8264
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Background & Objectives: The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) prevents vaccine-preventable
diseases and reduces childhood morbidity and mortality. Maternal education is often cited as a determinant of vaccination uptake, but its local role is unclear.This study was conducted to see the association between mothers' education level and knowledge about EPI with EPI vaccination uptake amongst children attending the Paediatric OPD at Lahore General Hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at the pediatric OPD, Lahore General
Hospital. A total of 186 mothers with children under two years were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and vaccination cards. Variables included maternal education, knowledge about EPI, and vaccination status. Data was analyzed using SPSS v23. Chi-square test was applied; p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean maternal age was 27.5 years(range: 19–45). More than half (54.8%) had matric education or higher, and 90.9% reported EPI knowledge. Overall, 79.6% of children had up-to-date vaccination. Maternal education level was not significantly associated with vaccination status (p = 0.05), whereas maternal knowledge of EPI was strongly associated (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Maternal education level alone was not linked to vaccination status, whereas EPI knowledge
showed a strong association. Strengthening maternal awareness may improve vaccination coverage more effectively than focusing solely on formal education.
Keywords:EPI, immunization,maternal education, vaccination coverage, child health
Triple Co-Infection with Influenza A, SARS-COV-2, and Streptococcus
Pneumoniae: A Case Report
Talha Munawar, Zainab Afzal, Ali Ahsan Nawaz
https://doi.org/10.59058/8dwqy347
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Viral respiratory infections can predispose patients to secondary bacterial pneumonia. It is rare for an infection to occur concurrently with Influenza and 9Severe Acute Respiratory Virus-COVID-2); adding Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare but serious clinical entity that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Case Presentation: A 58-year-old male patient, without significant comorbidities, presented with highgrade fever, productive cough, dyspnea, and altered sensorium in emergency department of Jinnah hospital, Lahore. Real Time-PCR performed on nasopharyngealswabs showed positivity for Influenza A and SARSCoV-2. Blood culture revealed the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Chest imaging showed features of bilateral multilobar pneumonia. He received a therapeutic course of antivirals, broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids, and supportive care, culminating in clinical improvement. Conclusion: This case highlights the consideration of bacterial co-infection in patients with dual viral respiratory infections and the need for early microbiological testing and appropriate, timely antimicrobial therapy. Key Words: COVID-19, Influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, co-infection,
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