ISSN(Print) 2076-2860 ISSN(Online) 2958-5945 Email: Editorial@jaimc.org Phone: +924299231453 PMDC & UHS (IP-0043)
Journal Metrics Initial Processing: 14 Days Peer Review: 28 Days Publishing: 28 Days Acceptance Rate: 80%
Distinguished Reviewer of Current Issue
MBBS, FCPS
Assistant Professor Community Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore
OJS Guide Manuscript Submission
CURRENT ISSUE
VOL. 23, ISSUE NO. 1
EDITORIAL
Will Artificial Intelligence Replace Doctors in Near Future?
Marfoah Rauf, Maria Arshad, Fariha Salman
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.22.24
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Fear of Contracting COVID-19 Infection and Associated Perceived Stress Among Adults with Multimorbidity: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Yumnah Riaz, Urwa Afzal, Ghazia Qasmi, Maryam Farhan Baloch, Marium Mansoor, Hira Saleem Raza
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.22.2
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: The global impact of COVID-19 has disproportionately affected individuals
with comorbidities. Myths and misinformation about this emerging disease may have created fear and
resultant mental health challenges. We aimed to examine the level of awareness and fear about COVID-19,
and the perceived stress among patients with multimorbidity attending a tertiary care hospital of a developing
country.
Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore,
Pakistan from 15 May 2022 through 20 December 2023, including 411 adult participants using systematic
random sampling method to select every third OPD patient with ≥ 2 chronic conditions. A semi-structured
questionnaire was used to record socio-demographic data, co-morbid conditions, and COVID-19
information sources. We used Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to categorize stress. Data analysis employed
univariate and bivariate descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, using Chi-Square test for statistical
significance. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of perceived stress using SPSS
version 26.
Results: Of 411 participants, 216 (53%) were men with 106 (49%) were over the age of 50 years. Age
difference between genders was not statistically significant (p=0.69). Most participants were employed and
from urban areas. Hypertension (48.7%) and diabetes mellitus (48.2%) was the common combination for
multimorbidity with predominance in women (p<0.05). Fear of COVID-19 resulted in higher stress in
women than men (moderate-to-high perceived stress of 72% versus 63%). We found higher odds of perceived
stress in those with higher education (OR=2.36), those aged 35-50 years (OR=1.11) and among diabetics
(OR=1.42).
Conclusion: Despite considerable awareness about COVID-19 modes of transmission and preventive
strategies among adults with multimorbidity, there exist a substantial moderate to high perceived stress in
men and women living in a developing country and they are fearful of contracting this disease and its
subsequent consequences.
Key Words: COVID-19, multimorbidity, comorbid conditions, stress, fear, Perceived Stress Scale,
infection, cross-sectional study
Detection of Tigecycline Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates from Intensive Care Unit Patients.
Zainab Tufail, Mahnoor Chaudhry, Sana Mustafa, Kokab Jabeen,Junaid Azmat, Mamoona Waseem
ABSTRACT
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.22.3
Background and Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that is becoming more
resistant to antibiotics nowadays. The study aims to isolate Acinetobacter baumannii from different clinical
specimens of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to determine the antimicrobial activity of tigecycline
against these isolates.
Methods: Adescriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Microbiology laboratory, at Lahore General
Hospital. The Kirby Bauer disc diffusion assay was used to test Acinetobacter baumannii's susceptibility to
antibiotics, and the results were reported in compliance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI 2023). The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy's (BSAC 2021) standards were followed
while reporting tigecycline's activity.
Results: A total of 195 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were recovered from patients admitted to the
Lahore General Hospital's Intensive Care Unit. 9% of them were resistance to tigecycline.
Conclusion: One of the common nosocomial pathogen among the most frequently isolated organism from
ICU patients is Acinetobacter baumannii. It has been concluded that this new drug has developed resistance.
This is an alarming situation which calls for precautions to be taken against misuse and overuse of antibiotics.
Key Words: Acinetobacter baumannii, Tigecycline, Intensive Care Unit, antimicrobial resistance.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Mammography in Assessment of Breast Lesions (BIRADS IVA) Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Rafia Irum, Aneeza Qayyum, Fatima Khan
ABSTRACT
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.22.4.4
Background and Objective: Breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) is intended for
standardizing mammography reporting, and class IV A represents low suspicion of malignancy. The
objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of mammography in assessment of breast lesions
(BIRADS IVA) taking histopathology as gold standard.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Sharif
Medical & Dental College, Hospital, Lahore from 16/08/2023 to 16/02/2024. A total of 215 patients who
fulfilled inclusion criteria were included from OPD and underwent mammography. Findings were recorded
and patients were labeled as malignant or benign. Then patients underwent biopsy and histopathology was
done. Reports were followed and the type of lesion was noted as malignant or benign. All the information was
recorded in Proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: In this study, 215 participants were included with the mean age of 53.88 ± 9.48 years. The BMI was
26.20 ± 3.60 kg/m2. Mean size of breast lesions was 4.00 ± 1.20 cm. Among these participants,
mammography identified 193 cases as BIRADS IVA, representing 89.8% of the total population.
Conversely, 22 participants (10.2%) did not exhibit BIRADS IVAfindings on mammography. Comparison of
findings of mammography with histopathological findings produced 98.44% sensitivity, 86.36% specificity,
98.45% PPV, 86.32% NPVand 97.21% accuracy.
Conclusion: This study provided evidence for the importance of mammography in assessing BIRADS IVA
breast lesions, demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative
predictive value and diagnostic accuracy taking histopathological findings as gold standard. Further
advancements in diagnostic methods are warranted to enhance accuracy and patient care.
Key Words: Breast Feeding, Breast Lesions, BIRADS IVA, Diagnostic Accuracy, Histopathology,
Mammography
Frequency of Clinically Relevant Incidental Findings on Chest Computed Tomographic Angiograms Performed to Diagnose Pulmonary Embolism
Beenish Javaid, Huma Saeed Khan, Anum Shafique, Tahira Iftikhar,Mariam Asif
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc..112
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Patients with symptoms of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) who undergo
computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram have other imaging findings in addition to PE in the
pulmonary circulation. The radiologists must pay attention to these incidental findings and report them rather
than just giving a positive or negative pulmonary angiogram report. Therefore, the objective of the study was
to determine the frequency of clinically relevant incidental findings on CT angiograms in patients with
suspected pulmonary embolism (PE).
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the radiology Department of Hameed Lateef Hospital
from May to November 2023. The study included 133 patients of both genders, with suspected pulmonary
embolism. Patients with known tuberculosis, COPD, CRF and claustrophobia were excluded. Ensuring the
protocols of informed consent, CT angiography of the chest was performed with and without intravenous
contrast administration. The craniocaudal images at direction 25, 65, and 180 sec post-iodinated contrast
injection during single breath hold were obtained. Results were interpreted for any clinically relevant
incidental findings.
Results: Clinically relevant findings discovered incidentally in CT pulmonary angiograms were found in 78
(58.65%) patients. Of these, pulmonary nodule was found in 11 (14.10%), lymphadenopathy in 04 (5.13%),
pleural effusion in 34 (53.59%) and consolidation in 29 (37.18%) patients.
Conclusion: The frequency of incidental findings which are relevant clinically is quite high in chest CT
pulmonary angiograms performed to diagnose PE.
Key Words: Pulmonary Embolism, Incidental Findings, Computed Tomographic Angiograms
Study of the Nutrient Foramina of Dried Long Bones of the Leg with their Clinical Implications
Munazza Sardar, Maria Ilyas, M. Qasim Muneer, Moeez Akram, M. Zeeshan, Abdullah Farooqi,Mahjabeen Muneera
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.2.5
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: The chief source of blood supply for the growing bones is the nutrient artery;
which enters the bone shaft through nutrient foramina (NF). The topographical and morphometric study and
understanding about the location of NF of bones of the leg is clinically significant during surgical procedures.
The purpose of the study was to identify the position of NF in the diaphysis of tibia and fibula, to help prevent
any damage to the nutrient artery during bone surgeries.
Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore,
from August 2024 to September 2024. Atotal of 140 adult dry bones including 70 tibiae and 70 fibulae were
taken from the Department of Anatomy, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. Total length of the bones and
the distance of nutrient foramina from the proximal ends were measured and foraminal index (FI) was
calculated.
Results: Single primary nutrient foramina were observed in all the tibiae and fibulae. There were 39
(55.71%) tibiae of the left and 31 tibiae (44.28%) of the right side. Mean foraminal index of the left tibiae was
32.45± 3.08 cm and that of right was 33.82± 5.89 cm. There were 36 (51.43%) left sided fibulae and 34
(48.57%) right sided. Mean foraminal index of the left fibulae was 47.55± 10.55 cm and that of right was
51.88± 8.29.
Conclusion: This study was provided data on number, location and direction of nutrient foramina in long
bones. Location may vary but direction remains same. This knowledge will be helpful during different
surgical procedures to preserve bone vasculature and increase the success rate.
Key Words: Nutrient foramen, Dry tibia, Dry fibula, Foramen index
Colorectal Cancer in a 14-year-old Boy with No Apparant Risk Factors: A Case Report
Muhammad Saud Iqbal, Ammarah Afzal, Usama Ahmad Butt, Zaubaria Shehar Bano, Farooq Ahmad Rana
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.2.5
ABSTRACT
A case of a 14-year-old boy from a rural background, with no family history and no clinically appreciable
genetic predisposition, unresolving constipation, abdominal cramps and per rectal bleeding diagnosed with
Stage T2b cancer of rectosigmoid junction on biopsy obtained from endoscopy and staged with Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI). Early diagnosis was made, and patient was treated with chemotherapy as it has
good prognosis, stressing upon the advantage of endoscopy in early diagnosis.
Key Words: Colorectal cancer, colonoscopy, adenocarcinoma, rectosigmoid junction, chronic constipation,
early onset colorectal carcinoma, chemotherapy.
News and Events
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Current Issue being Presented to Principal AIMC by Department of Community Medicine.
AIMC Scientific conference 2022 was conducted to provide opportunity to undergraduate and post graduate students to present their research projects.
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